In the 1960s, EEG was being use for self-regulated psychophysiology (referred to as EEG biofeedback or neurofeedback). Today, neurofeedback is the field of using feedback to change the brain’s electrical patterning. Very recently, clinical neurofeedback has been combined with stimulation technologies—such as pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (pEMF), Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS), and repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS).

Stimulation, as well as training the brain (via neurofeedback) changes functional connectivity, as well as the emergent properties of the brain (DeRidder, 2014). The integration of stimulation and neurofeedback is currently new in the field (as of 2015), and a minority of practitioners are using these modalities blended (DeRidder, 2014).

Quantum physicist and EEG neurodiagnostician, Juri Kropotov, dubbed these combined technologies “neurotherapy” (2009) since feedback is not involved in stimulation technology. Colloquially used in the field, the term “neurotherapy” does not yet have a formal definition and is often thought of as a synonym for neurofeedback.

Neurotherapy training refers to the educational and clinical preparation required to become a neurotherapist. It involves formal coursework and hands-on training in the use of neurofeedback and other neurostimulation techniques. Individuals seeking to become neurotherapists undertake specific training programs, which can vary in length and content, to learn about the brain's functioning, neurofeedback equipment, and how to apply neurotherapy techniques effectively.

Neuromodulation is also known as neurostimulation. Neuromodulation, at the clinical level, is comprised of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), and pulsed electro-magnetic field stimulation (PEMF). The last form of neuromodulation is rTMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation), which is prescribed by physicians and largely used for depression.

A neurotherapist is a professional trained in neurotherapy techniques. They work with individuals to assess and improve brain function, often utilizing neurofeedback, biofeedback, or other neurostimulation methods. Neurotherapists create personalized treatment plans to address conditions like ADHD, anxiety, depression, and more. Their role involves monitoring brain activity, providing feedback, and guiding clients through exercises to help regulate and optimize brain function.

• Psychotherapy is a talk-based therapy that focuses on addressing emotional and psychological issues through counseling and conversation.
• Neurotherapy is a treatment approach that involves monitoring and regulating brain activity. It's more focused on the physiological aspects of mental health. While psychotherapy explores emotions and thoughts, neurotherapy targets brain function to alleviate conditions like ADHD, anxiety, and more. They can complement each other in many cases.

• Neurofeedback is a specific technique within neurotherapy. It involves providing real-time feedback on brain activity and training individuals to self-regulate their brain function. It's a subset of neurotherapy.
• Neurotherapy is a broader term encompassing various therapies that target brain function. It includes neurofeedback but can also involve other neurostimulation methods, making it a more comprehensive approach to improving brain health.

A quantitative EEG is also known as a brain map. This is an electrical measurement, analysis, and quantification of the brainwaves. The brainwaves are the brain’s verbing, or the action potentials of the brain. We first gather the raw EEG data, and then we process it through a normative database, which is a database of healthy individuals’ brainwaves of the same age as the patient. This gives us a comparison of the client’s brain relative to others. This is the first step in our assessment process.

The brain mapping process entails placing a cap with 20 electrodes onto the head of the participant and injecting gel into the electrodes. Then, we use the electrodes to pick up microvolts of electrical potentials generated by the brain, which show up as brainwaves (looks like squiggles).

We then interpret the squiggles in their raw form, as well as run them through many types of digitized filters (i.e. different software), that breaks them into their respective components and brainwave bandwidths of Delta (0-4 Hz), theta (5-8 Hz), alpha (9-12 Hz), low beta (13-16 Hz), mid beta (17-25Hz), hi beta (26-40Hz), and gamma (41-70Hz).

With this data and the use of different databases of hundreds of others’ EEGs, we are able to determine where the individual is different from the norm—for better or for worse. We are able to look not only at the brainwaves, but also the relationship of the brainwaves to one another, the symmetry of the brain, the stability of the brainwave relationships, and the areas where the brain might be generating problematic signals, manifesting in problematic symptoms and behaviors.